Reşid Âkif Paşa'nın Yayımlanmamış Şiirleri. (Turkish)

The Ottoman Empire is a great state that has taken its place in the distinguished pages of history with its numerous achievements in every field over a period of more than six centuries. The main factors that cause a state to live healthy and long and to achieve success are the building blocks it has trained, such as valuable scholars, poets, engineers, architects, bureaucrats, soldiers and state dignitaries. The Ottoman Empire, whose sultans included poets, musicians, calligraphers and painters who spoke several languages and wrote poems in those languages, raised countless influential and qualified people in these fields. Being able to serve as a high-level bureaucrat in such a state, which is equipped with superior qualifications from head to toe, requires being well-equipped. Reşid Akif Pasha is one of the high-ranking bureaucrats of the Ottoman Empire. He served as the Governor of Sivas between 1902 and 1908, during the last period when the administration and will of the Ottoman Empire was shaken, and he successfully completed his duty by exercising the representative power of the state in the best possible way. Apart from this duty, Reşid Âkif Pasha also distinguished himself with his engagement with poetry and literature and the poems he wrote in aruz meter. Although the poems he wrote were sufficient to form a small divan, his poems were lost as a result of his house burning in the Vefâ fire. His verses that have survived to this day and are known consist of seven poems. As a result of our research and analysis, it was determined that Reşid Âkif Pasha, in addition to the letters and poems he sent to İbnülemin Mahmut Kemal İnal, also sent poems to Elmalılı Muhammed Hamdi Yazır. In addition, in the manuscripts of Ahmed Remzi Akyürek, ghazals belonging to Reşid Âkif Pasha and nazîre, tahmis and tastir made to his ghazals were detected. The subject of our study is the eight ghazals of Reşid Âkif Pasha, which have been identified and will be published for the first time, and the nazîre, tahmis and tashtir made to his ghazals. In this study, the poems in question written and examined with transcription words and poems that we believe are important to the history of classical Turkish literature will be included. Reşid Akif Pasha, whose real name is Mustafa Salih Reşid, was born in Ioannina, which was an Ottoman province, later lost by the Ottoman Empire in the Balkan wars, and which today remains within the borders of Greece. His paternal family belonged to the Tetovo Dynasty, one of the most famous and oldest dynasties in Albania. There were people from his family who held high-ranking government positions. His great grandfather, Recep Pasha, was Sultan II. During the reign of Mahmud, he was the Governor of Thessaloniki, his father, Vizier Mehmed Pasha, was the governor of the Salonika Province, Danube Province, Bosnia Province, Prizren Province, Ioannina Province, Edirne Province, Baghdad Province, Konya Province and Cezâyir-i Bahr-i Sefid Province, and served as the Minister of Justice and the President of the Council of State. At his father's request, Reşid Akif Pasha took Arabic, Persian, history, mathematics, geometry, geography and French lessons from private teachers, and attended Galatasaray High School for a while. After completing his education, he started his civil service in 1299/1882 at the Amedi Office. In 1312/1895, he was appointed as a member of the State Council and, after a while, as a member of the Civil Office. In 1902, he was appointed as Governor of Sivas Province, to which Amasya, Çorum, Tokat and partially Malatya and Kayseri provinces are affiliated. With the declaration of the Second Constitutional Monarchy on July 23, 1908, he became the Minister of Internal Affairs and came to Istanbul. He resigned from his ministry position, citing his illness. He was appointed as a member of the Notables in 1327/1909 and as the President of the Council of State in 1337/1918, but he resigned together with the cabinet after 25 days. In 1337/1919, he became an officer of the Grand National Assembly in the cabinet of Damad Ferid Pasha. During his time in public office, he was awarded with rank, legacy, decoration, gold, silver and merit medals. In addition to his high-ranking government duties, Reşid Akif Pasha turned his mansion into a center of science and wisdom during his time in Istanbul and during his governorship in Sivas, and scientific and literary conversations in his mansion continued for a long time. Reşid Âkif Pasha, who wrote poems in the aruz meter to the extent of forming a divançe, unfortunately, his poems were burned along with his house in the great Istanbul Vefâ fire of 1918. Reşid Akif Pasha's poems that have survived to Elmalılı Muhammed Hamdi Yazır, seven poems of Reşid Âkif Pasha were revealed, and it was seen that two of the poems in question were published and five were not published. Some of his published poems contain the rhymes "-et's name" and "-aba similim," and Reşid Akif Pasha sent these poems to İbnülemin. In addition, Herzegovinian Arif Hikmet's nazire to an unknown ghazal with the rhyme "-ân etmek isterim" by Reşid Âkif Pasha is among the ghazals we identified. Since the seven-couplet poem of Arif Hikmet from Herzegovina and the ghazal of Reşid Akif Pasha could not be identified, a comparison could not be made. When we look at the poems sent by Reşid Âkif Pasha, it is known that İbnülemin wrote nazire and tahmis with the expression "I would write hopeless nazire and tahmis...". However, to date, none of these nazires and tahmis have been identified. As a result of our examinations, the ten-couplet poems rhyming "-â arar" and the seven-couplet poem "-âba benzedirim" written by İbnülemin are among the poems that came to light. İbnülemin wrote a nazire to the rhyming ghazal "-â arar," which is not included in Reşid Âkif Pasha's work titled Last Century Turkish Poets and is not available in the Istanbul Municipal Library Atatürk Library. While İbnülemin's second nazire with the redif "-âba benzedirim" consists of seven couplets, his original poem consists of eleven couplets in the Istanbul Municipality Atatürk Library copy and twelve couplets in the Elmalılı copy. It is understood that Ibnülemin preferred seven couplets in his second nazire. Fazlullah Moral, one of the divan poets from Sivas, wrote tahmis the rhymed "-âba benzedirim" ghazal of Reşid Âkif Pasha, who wanted nazire and tahmis to be written in his poems. The ghazal, which initially consisted of twelve couplets, was compiled into nine couplets by Fazlullah Moral. In addition, a poet whose name and pseudonym we cannot identify wrote "tashtir" rhyming "-â arar" in the ghazal of Reşid Âkif Pasha. The taştir in question is one of the poems identified for the first time. During our research, the nazires, tahmis and three ghazals written to Reşid Âkif Pasha's ghazals were found in a manuscript belonging to Ahmed Remzi Akyürek in the Amasya Beyazıt Library. Taştir appeared in a manuscript belonging to Ahmed Remzi Akyürek in the National Library. One of the three ghazals identified is the five-couplet rhyme "-ûr olur," the second one is the six-couplet "-âli" rhyme, and the third one is the fivecouplet "-îk eyledim" rhyme. Reşid Akif Pasha may have sent his poems to Ahmed Remzi Akyürek as well as to İbnülemin and Elmalılı. However, from the expressions "Reşîd Âkif Pasha's deceased..." in some of the poems in Ahmed Remzi Akyürek's copy, it is understood that the poems in question were written after his death. Reşid Âkif Pasha is a high-level bureaucrat who has the power to represent the state in every field of the Ottoman bureaucracy with his success in his duties and the awards he received. Moreover, with his poems, he is one of the best examples of statesmen being equipped with science, wisdom and art. The fact that he wrote loving, wise and kind poems in aruz meter while he was in a difficult and stressful situation, like the Governor of Sivas, who dominated four or five provinces during the decline of the Ottoman Empire, is an important feature in terms of reflecting the subtleties of Reşid Akif Pasha's soul. subtleties of his soul. It reveals the subtleties of your soul and your taste in art. It can be said that the presence of these characteristics in a bureaucrat indicates that he can protect his mental health even in difficult tasks, is not affected by the negative events he experiences, and has high managerial ability. Reşid Âkif Pasha's contact with distinguished figures from the scientific and literary circle of the period always continued, and İbnülemin Mahmud Kemal İnal and Hersekli Arif Hikmet they wrote nazires to the ghazals, among the people to whom he sent his poems. Just as no nazîre or tahmis written by Elmalılı could be identified, no letters or documents related to him other than the poems he sent could be found in the Elmalılı heritages. Again, it is highly probable that Reşid Âkif Pasha had poems he sent to writers and poets of the period other than İbnülemin, Hersekli Arif Hikmet, and Elmalılı, and that he had nazires and tahmis to his poems. Fazlullah Moral, a poet from Sivas, wrote a tahmis for Reşid Âkif Pasha, whose poems he was interested in other poets during his time and after his death, and a poet whose name we cannot identify also wrote a tastir. With this study, eight ghazals of Reşid Âkif Pasha, two poems of İbnülemin, one poem of Hersekli Arif Hikmet, a tastir of a poet whose name we cannot identify, with the tahmis of Fazlullah Moral, were brought to the history of classical Turkish literatüre. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Osmanlı Devleti, altı yüzyılı aşkın bir süre zarfında her alanda sayısız başarılarıyla tarihin mümtaz sayfalarında yerini almış büyük bir devlettir. Bir devletin sağlıklı ve uzun yaşamasına, elde ettiği başarılara sebep olan ana âmiller ise, yetiştirdiği birbirinden değerli âlim, şâir, mühendis, mimar, bürokrat, asker, devlet ricâli gibi yapı taşlarıdır. Padişahlarından, birkaç dili konuşan ve o dillerde şiirler yazan şâirler, musikişinaslar, hattatlar ve ressamlar bulunan Osmanlı Devleti, söz konusu alanlarda etkili ve vasıflı sayısız insan yetiştirmiştir. Baştan ayağa üstün vasıflarla donanmış böyle bir devlette üst düzey bürokrat olarak vazife yapabilmek ise donanımlı olmayı gerekli kılmaktadır. Reşid Âkif Paşa, Osmanlı Devleti'nin üst düzey bürokratlarından biridir. O, Osmanlı Devleti'nin idâre ve irâdesinin sarsıldığı son döneminde, 1902-1908 yılları arasında, Sivas Valiliği görevinde bulunmuş ve devletin temsil gücünü en iyi şekilde yerine getirerek vazifesini başarıyla tamamlamıştır. Reşid Âkif Paşa, bu görevinin dışında şiir ve edebiyatla olan meşguliyeti ve aruz vezninde yazdığı şiirleri ile de temayüz etmiştir. Yazdığı şiirleri küçük bir divançe oluşturacak nitelikte olmasına rağmen, Vefâ yangınında evinin yanması sonucu şiirleri de kaybolmuştur. Onun günümüze ulaşan ve bilinen nazımları yedi şiirden ibarettir. Reşid Âkif Paşa'nın, İbnülemin Mahmut Kemal İnal'a gönderdiği mektup ve şiirleri yanında, Elmalılı Muhammed Hamdi Yazır'a da şiirler gönderdiği yaptığımız araştırma ve incelemeler sonucu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, Ahmed Remzi Akyürek'in yazmalarında da Reşid Âkif Paşa'ya âit gazeller ve gazellerine yapılmış nazîre, tahmîs ve taştîr tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmamızın konusu, Reşid Âkif Paşa'nın, tespit edilen ve ilk defa yayınlanacak olan sekiz adet gazeli ve gazellerine yapılmış nazîre, tahmîs ve taştîr üzerinedir. Bu çalışmamızda söz konusu şiirler transkripsiyon harfleriyle yazılıp incelenecek ve Türk edebiyatı tarihine önemli olduğuna inandığımız şiirler kazandırılacaktır. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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