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Background: Artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) represents one of the most hazardous work environments. While formalization of this sector has been suggested (e.g., Minamata Convention) as a means to improve working conditions, we are unaware of empirical evidence that supports this notion. This study aimed to compare sociodemographic profiles, work profiles, and injury rates among miners working in licensed versus un-licensed ASGM sites.

Methods: In the Tarkwa mining region of Ghana, 404 small-scale miners were recruited in 2014 and interviewed regarding their occupational injury experiences over the preceding 10 years. Workers were drawn from 9 mining sites, of which 5 were licensed and 4 were not licensed.

Results: Sociodemographic characteristics of miners from the two groups were relatively similar. Those currently working in an un-licensed mine have spent more time in the ASGM sector than those currently working in a licensed mine (94 vs. 70 months). Miners working in an un-licensed site tended to experience more injury episodes (e.g., 26% vs. 8% had 3 or more injury events) and not use personal protective equipment during the time of an injury (92% indicated to not using vs. 73%) when compared to miners working in a licensed site. A total of 121 injury episodes were recorded for 2245 person years of ASGM work. The injury rate for those working in un-licensed mines was 5.9 per 100 person years (59 injuries in 995 person years) versus 5.0 (62 injuries in 1250 person-years) in the licensed mines. When focusing on the male miners, there was a significant difference in injury rates between those working in a licensed mine (4.2 per 100 person years) versus an un-licensed mine (6.1 per 100 person years).

Conclusions: These findings advance our understanding of injuries amongst ASGM workers, and help identify important differences in socio-demographics, work profiles, and injury rates between miners working in a licensed versus and un-licensed site. The findings suggest that certain working conditions in a licensed site may be safer.

Titel:	A comparison of licensed and un-licensed artisanal and small-scale gold miners (ASGM) in terms of socio-demographics, work profiles, and injury rates.
Autor/in / Beteiligte Person:	Calys-Tagoe, BNL ; Clarke, E ; Robins, T ; Basu, N
Zeitschrift:	BMC public health, Jg. 17 (2017-11-06), Heft 1, S. 862
Veröffentlichung:	London : BioMed Central, [2001-, 2017
Medientyp:	academicJournal
ISSN:	1471-2458 (electronic)
DOI:	10.1186/s12889-017-4876-5
Schlagwort:	Adolescent Adult Aged Cross-Sectional Studies Female Ghana epidemiology Humans Male Middle Aged Personal Protective Equipment statistics & numerical data Young Adult Gold Licensure statistics & numerical data Miners statistics & numerical data Mining Occupational Injuries epidemiology Workplace statistics & numerical data
Sonstiges:	Nachgewiesen in: MEDLINE Sprachen: English Publication Type: Comparative Study; Journal Article Language: English [BMC Public Health] 2017 Nov 06; Vol. 17 (1), pp. 862. <i>Date of Electronic Publication: </i>2017 Nov 06. MeSH Terms: Gold* ; Mining* ; Licensure / statistics & numerical data ; Miners / statistics & numerical data ; Occupational Injuries / epidemiology ; Workplace / statistics & numerical data ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Ghana / epidemiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Personal Protective Equipment / statistics & numerical data ; Young Adult References: Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2015 Jul 15;12(7):8133-56. (PMID: 26184277) ; Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2013 Apr;26(2):265-74. (PMID: 23771863) ; Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2015 May 13;12(5):5143-76. (PMID: 25985314) ; Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2015 Sep 10;12(9):11345-63. (PMID: 26378557) ; Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2015 Aug 21;12(8):9952-66. (PMID: 26308019) ; Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2015 Jul 10;12(7):7922-37. (PMID: 26184264) ; Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2015 Oct 12;12(10):12679-96. (PMID: 26473901) ; Sci Total Environ. 2010 Nov 15;408(24):6079-85. (PMID: 20875913) Grant Information: D43 TW009353 United States TW FIC NIH HHS Contributed Indexing: Keywords: Informal sector; Miners; Occupational health; Occupational injuries; Public health; Vulnerable populations; Workplace Substance Nomenclature: 7440-57-5 (Gold) Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20171108 Date Completed: 20180320 Latest Revision: 20181202 Update Code: 20231215 PubMed Central ID: PMC5674739

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A comparison of licensed and un-licensed artisanal and small-scale gold miners (ASGM) in terms of socio-demographics, work profiles, and injury rates.