有机肥/腐植酸和菌剂的化肥减量技术对甜糯玉米产量及土壤性质的影响.

【Objective】 The effects of Biogenic Gas and Fertilizer reduction（BGF） on yield and soil properties of sweet and waxy maize were studied in Inner Mongolia plain irrigated area to reduce nitrogen application and ensure sustainable green and high yield of maize. 【Method】 The split plot design was adopted, in which the main variety was in the main area, and the BGF organic fertilizer and nitrogen reduction application was in the secondary area, and the varieties were Jinnuo 8 and Jintian 9. The secondary area was CK, organic fertilizer 1500 kg/hm~2（T1）, 3000 kg/hm~2（T2）, 4500 kg/hm~2（T3）, 6000 kg/hm~2（T4）. The nitrogen application amount of each treatment was reduced by 30% compared with the conventional nitrogen application amount, and the application amount of pure nitrogen was 210 kg/hm~2. 【Result】BGF organic fertilizer, humic acid aqueous solution and bacteria fertilizer reduction technology significantly improved yield and soil nutrients of sweet and waxy maize. Compared with the control, the cation exchange capacity, organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium of Jinnuo 8 soil were significantly increased by 50.94%-38.56%, 5.45%-25.69% and 6.97%-41.01%, respectively, by BGF organic fertilizer, humic acid aqueous solution and fertilizer reduction of bacteria. 29.94%～106.87%, 2.60%-38.54%, the contents of total nitrogen and total phosphorus were significantly increased by 0.006～0.026, 0.017～0.092 percentage points. The soil cation exchange capacity, organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium of Jintian 9 were significantly increased by 6.98%-44.71%, 3.19%-12.58%, 4.66%-24.23%, 37.85%-83.03%, 4.41%-24.61%. The contents of total nitrogen and total phosphorus were significantly increased by 0.022-0.019 and 0.014-0.041 percentage points, and the improvement effect of waxy corn on soil properties was better than sweet corn. The accumulation of soil organic matter, available p and available K in waxy corn 0-20 cm soil and 20-40 cm soil organic matter, total N, total P, available N, available P and available K in waxy corn 0-20 cm soil could be significantly increased by appropriate dosage, while the accumulation of soil organic matter, available P and available K in waxy corn 0-20 cm soil was mainly enriched in 0-20 cm soil. At the same time, the yield of sweet and waxy corn was increased by 5.38%-19.25% and 12.23%-29.30% by BGF organic fertilizer, humic acid aqueous solution and bacteria fertilizer reduction, respectively. 【Conclusion】Among the five treatments, the effect of T1 on yield and soil properties of sweet and waxy corn was the most significant, so 1500 kg/hm~2 was the appropriate recommended dosage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【目的】为降低内蒙古平原灌区农业生产中氮肥用量且确保该区玉米持续绿色高产，开展了元泰丰BGF（Biogenic Gas and Fertilizer,简称BGF技术）有机肥/腐植酸和菌剂化肥减量技术对甜糯玉米产量及土壤性质的影响研究. 【方法】采用裂区试验设计，品种为主区，BGF有机肥及氮肥减量施用是副区，品种为金糯8号和金甜9号，副区为CK, 有机肥1500 kg/hm~2（T1）, 3000 kg/hm~2（T2）, 4500 kg/hm~2（T3）, 6000 kg/hm~2（T4）,各处理比常规施氮量减量30%,施用量为纯氮210 kg/hm~2. 【结果】BGF有机肥与腐植酸水溶液, 菌剂的化肥减量技术对甜糯玉米产量, 土壤养分具有显著的提升作用. 与对照相比，BGF有机肥与腐植酸水溶液, 菌剂的化肥减量技术使金糯8号土壤阳离子交换量, 有机质, 速效氮, 速效磷, 速效钾均显著提高，分别提高50.94%～38.56%,5.45%～25.69%, 6.97%～41.01%,29.94%～106.87%, 2.60%～38.54%,全氮, 全磷含量显著提高0.006～0.026, 0.017～0.092个百分点；使金甜9号土壤阳离子交换量, 有机质, 速效氮, 速效磷, 速效钾显著提高6.98%～44.71%, 3.19%～12.58%, 4.66%～24.23%, 37.85%～83.03%, 4.41%～24.61%,全氮, 全磷含量显著提高0.022～0.019, 0.014～0.041个百分点，对糯玉米土壤性质改良效果优于甜玉米，适宜的用量能够显著增加糯玉米0～20 cm土层有机质, 速效磷, 速效钾和20～40 cm土层有机质, 全氮, 全磷, 速效氮, 速效磷, 速效钾的积累，而有机质, 速效磷, 速效钾多富集于0～20 cm土层. 同时，BGF有机肥与腐植酸水溶液, 菌剂的化肥减量技术使甜, 糯玉米产量分别提高5.38%～19.25%, 12.23%～29.30%. 【结论】5个处理中，T1处理对甜糯玉米产量及土壤性质的改善最显著，因此，生产中1500 kg/hm~2为适宜的推荐用量. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]